Communication and Print Media

Communication and Print Media

Print media is the way of communication through printed material like, News papers, Magazines, (Periodicals), various Journals Books, various reports etc.

Let us understand what is communication. Many intellectuals have defined communication as under:

Kelly – “Communication is a field of knowledge dealing with the systematic application of symbols to acquire common information regarding an object or event.”

Luther – “It is the transmission of commonly meaningful information. It is a process that involves the exchange of behaviors.”

Katz & Kahn – “Communication - the exchange of information and the transmission of meaning – is the way essence of a social system or an organization.”

Anderson – “Communication is a dynamic process in which man consciously on unconsciously affects the cognition of another through materials or agencies used in symbolic ways.”

Brown – “Communication is a process of transmitting ideas or thoughts from one person to another for the purpose of creating an understanding in the thinking of the person receiving communication.”

EVOLUTION OF COMMUNICATION

Silence Phase :

Primitive men were moving without language for their business of living, but there were big sounds and symbols around them to communicate. It is possible that one old human being uttered a sound / noise, sighting a fierce animal and that caught attention of others. Thus a sound produced by the old man conveyed the sence of fear to alarm his mates.

Verbal Phase :

Silent phase of communication came to an end and sound produced with joy, pain, fear and happiness were produced and experienced and became known to all.

Litho Printing :

Second century A D was the beginning of Litho Printing (printing on stone or wooden blocks) Actually writing was evolved in the 7^th or 8^th millennium BC. It is said that it developed in the Euphratis  – Tigris delta. And people started to make marks / symbols on the clay or sand for sound. This was the beginning of writing.

Individual Letter Blocking :

Whatever was written an clay slowly developed. Printing originally meant hand printing or making imprints by the hand. Gradually they were made on wood / stone. Laton on etching process was used so that it lasted for a long time. Later on when some chemicals wave used to produce effect of color and later Chinese invented block printing in the 10^th century by a man called Pi-Sheng. It spread to Korea. They perfected a system of printing from this individuals movable. Then this  was prevalent in the Far East in the 11^th, 12^th and 13^th Century.

Movable Type Printing :

It were the travellers who got credit to carry on knowledge from one part of the world to other Marco Polo, the great European travellers and travelogue writer was greatly impressed by the system of he printing from movable types. Probably he carried the information to Europe after spending two decades in china and the Far East. He probably impressed upon scholars and printers about the desirability of printing from movable types. But it was left to a goldsmith in Mainz, Germany, by name Johanan Gutenberg to use the new system (movable   types printing) in Europe. This happened in 1450 A.D. that is, in the middle of the 15^th century. After the invention of writing in the 7^th / 8^th century     B C Gutenberg’s invention was the second great revolution in communication. It accelerated the process of printing. In one year, the number of books printed in Europe rose to 25,000 copies from the mere 25 copies produced in the pre- Gutenberg era. No wonder, Gutenberg is credited with the epithet, Father Of Modern Printing. The art and science of printing did not – flourish, for some mysterious reason, in the orient. The result was that the orient was pushed back into an intellectually non-productive era when the occident galloped intellectually and succeeded in spreading its view of the word around the globe.

Printing on a Large Scale :

Back to our imaginary calendar, Gutenberg’s technological marvel, the first major step in Mass Communication (Printing on a large Scale) occurred on or about December 27 of our magic calendar.

Telegraph System :

The telegraph system, also known as the Morse Code developed by Samuel F. B. Mores of the USA in 1844. Originally intended for exchanging messages between trading and military posts, the telegraph was first used in a big way for maintaining contacts between and among railway stations. The railway became the chief commercial artery by mid- 19^th century in England, North America and most parts of Europe. Then they spread to the colonies of England, Holland and other Western Powers.

Soon the telegraphy system became widespread in the European and American colonies throughout the world. On purr calendar, this event could be said to have occurred on December 30.

See Also :

Print Media and Communication	Freedom of Press - The right to Publish and Privacy
Communication and Print media	Council Guides to Journalistic Ethics
Introduction to Print Media	Censorship in the Press and Media
Developments in Print Media	Media Laws
Contribution of News Papers	Press Ownership and Monopoly
Contribution of Magazines	Media Organisations and News Agencies
Press Commissions and Councils	The Mass Media
The Power of Press	Functions of Mass Media
History of Indian Journalism	Theories of the Press or Media
Press Censorship under the Emergency	Code of Ethics for Journalists
News Values in Journalism	Readership and Popularity of Magazine
Magazine genres-Types of Magazine